Water-tube steam-generator.



-No. 861,040. I .PATENTED JULY 23, 1907. F. J. MANNEY & F. P. HAMILTON. WATER TUBE STEAM GENERATOR.

APPLICATION F ILED SEPT. 20. 1906.

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No. 861,040. PATENTED JULY 23, 1907.

' F. J. MANNBY & P. P. HAMILTON.

WATER TUBE STEAM GENERATOR.

APPLIdATION FILED snmzo, 1906.

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--No.' 861,040. PATENTBD JULY 23, 1907. F. J. MAHNBY & F. P. HAMILTON.

WATER TUBE STEAM GENERATOR.

APILIOATION F'ILED 8EPT.20.1906.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FLORANGE .T. MANNEY AND FRANK P. HAMILTON, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

WATER-TUBE STEAM-GENERATOR.

Patented July 23, 1907.

Application filed September 20,1906. Serial No. 335,428-

To all 'whom it may concern;

Be it known that we, FLORANCE J. MANNEY and FRANK P. HAMILTON, both of Cleveland, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Water- Tube Steam-Generators; and we hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

This invention is an improvement in steam boilers of the water-tube type, and our main object is to produce a boiler which will have a rapid natural circulation of water throughout all the pipes exposed to the action of the fire from the mud-drum, or inlet, to the steam drum, and return; the cooler water will be passed to and through the pipes subjected to the most destructive heat first, and then carried successively through the heating tubes until it is converted into steam, or enters the steam drum; and every water circulating tube and pipe will be kept full of water in rapid motion, so that there will be no scale formations therein, it having been found that scale will not form if the water is kept moving,and the calcareous and other heavy foreign matters carried in the water will be deposited in the mud-drum or trap, which is located at the coolest point and preferably outside the firechamber.

We provide the boiler with a series of headers and circulating coils or tubes connected therewith, and baflies therein so arranged that steam separated from the water in any of the tubes or headers may escape to the drum without necessarily having to pass through successive tubes; while a constant supply and circulation of water is maintained to and through all the tubes. We also employ the primary water heating pipes as part of or supports for the fire-arch, so as to utilize the heat of the arch in producing steam, and at same time preserve and sustain the arch by the water-cooled pipes. We also utilize the return pipes from the steam drum as the means for supporting the roof or ceiling of the combustion-chamber.

The novel construction and combination of parts embodied in the invention and for which protection is desired will be set forth in detail in the following description of the boiler illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification,and will be summarized in the claims.

In said drawingsFigure 1 is a transverse vertical central section through a complete water-tube boiler embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation. Fig. 4 is a section on line 44, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a section on line 5-5, Fig. 2. Figs. 6 and 7 aredetail views of the baffie-plates in the headers.

The boiler may be contained in a masonry setting of brick or other material forming the boiler casing, which casing is of the usual construction except as hereinafter pointed out.

The boiler furnace has an ash-pit P, a fire-chamber N and a combustion-chamber or fiue, arranged about as usual. On the bridge-wall of the furnace is a hollow metal water-back F from which rise a series of pipes G that extend to about the top of the fire-chamber N and are connected to a forwardly extending series of horizonal pipes G which connect with a cross-header H located near the front of the fire-chamber. The fire-arch or crown of the fire-chamber is formed of the pipes G and of masonry R supported on the pipes G, and obviously the life of this arch will be indefinitely prolonged by the sustaining water pipes; while the pipes G, G, are subjected to the most intense heat in the fire-chamber. An arch T may be sprung between the cross-header H and the front wall of the casing as shown, so that the cross-header forms part of the dome of the fire-chamber and is directly opposed to the heat thereof.

To the cross-header H are connected vertical headers K; as shown these are of larger diameter at top than at bottom, and are connected at their upper ends by nipples t' to the steam-drum A which is arranged at the front of the boiler and is the highest part thereof. The nipples 1' connecting the headers K to the drum A are preferably of larger diameter than the nipples 1" connecting the headers K to cross-header H.

To the headers K are attached a series of water-tubes L, which may be of any suitable construction; as shown they are return bend tubes arranged one above the other, both legs of the tubes being attached to the header at different elevations, so that the water will enter the lower part of the tube, flow rearward therein and return forward to the header through the upper part of the tube, and then enter the next higher tube, and pass therethrough and so on successively until it has passed through all the tubes and finally escapes into the steam-drum A. Any desired number of such tubes may be attached to the header according to the desired capacity of boiler.

In order to insure the water circulating properly through the successive tubes L, baflie-plates M are arranged in the headers K- intermediate the upper and lower limb of each return bend tube L, L; as shown these baffle-plates may be solid plates, but preferably they have perforations therein; as shown at m, these perforations not being large enough to allow the water currents to short circuit from the cross-header H to the drum A,but sufficient to permit partor all of the steam which is separated from the water in passing through any tube L, to escape directly upward through the baffle-plates into the drum A. The steam, being lighter and quicker than the water will naturally rise in the header to the baffles M more quickly than the water, and will work its way upward; while the main water currents continue to flow steadily through the tubes L, L'.

The headers K are preferably of increasingly greater area from bottom to top, and the openings inthe higher or superposed baffle-plates should be slightly greater than those in the lower baffles, so that the steam may escape therepast and a uniform flow of Water maintained through all the successive tubes. headers K may be provided with hand-holes 1c in their outer sides opposite the ends of tubes L, to facilitate attachment of the tubes, and for inspection purposes. These hand-holes may be closed by the usual devices as shown at k. I

From the lower part of steam drum A return pipes B extend along the ceiling of the combustion-chamber to the rear end of the casing, where they connect, with a return header B preferably located outside the furnace, which in turn communicates by a vertical pipe 0 with a mud-drum or trap Dv which trap is preferably provided with a suitable blow-off valve D and cleanout opening as usual, and with a sight indicator D, by which the amount of sediment therein or condition of the water can be visually inspected. Above this mud-drum P are lateral branches 1) which communi cate with pipes E, E, leading through the lower part.

of the combustion-chamber, to the Water-back F.

From the foregoing description it will be noted that there is a direct unbroken circulation of water from fire-back F through, pipes G, G, to cross-header 11, then up through the series of Water-tubes L, L, and headers K into drum A,thence back through pipes B toreturn header B thence through pipes 0,13 and E, back to fire-back F,-and thus a constant rapid circulation of water is maintained in the fire-back F, pipes.

G, G, headers K, tubes L, L, and drum A, in thehottest part of the furnace, and from the drum A the water returns to the header B and the mud-drum D outside the combustion-chamber, and of course of greatly reduced temperature, so that the great difference in the temperatures of said parts rendering a, natural rapid circulation of water inevitable. Consequently owing to the rapid flow of water through the pipes and tubes they will remain free from incrustations, and hence in the best possible condition for efficient service. As the water flows downward through the pipe 0, solids suspended in the water will naturally. pass down into the still water in the mud-drum and remain there until.

blown. out through blow-off valve; while the purified water passes back through pipes D and E to the steam generating portions of the apparatus. The parts should be so proportioned that the total water-way will slightly increase from the fire-back F on to the mud-drum, so that there will be no cramping or retardation of the flow of water owing to its expansion by heat, and, -dissemination into steam. The pipes B are alsov utilized, as shown, as a means for supporting the roof of the combustion-chamber, which rests thereupon, and while the pipes are subjected tothe heat. of the combustion-chamber, they are reduced in temperature somewhat by thesuperposed topwall whichthey sup port, and therefore the water naturally tends to flow The vertical 1 through said pipes back to the return header. In practice the water line should be maintained in the steam-drum A above the pipes B, as. indicated at a,

and the arrows show the natural course of the water currents in the boiler.

Suitable openings, indicators, and valves will be pro- 2 vided wherever desired, but are not illustrated or described as their construction and application is within the common knowledge of the builders, and will of -course vary according to the size and capacity of the boiler.

When used with natural draft the combustion-chamber may be divided into a long irregular flueby one or i more horizontal partitions, as indicated by thedotted lines 'l", T. When used with forced draft the com-. bustion-chamber may be divided into an up and down fiue by vertical partitions as indicated by the dotted 3 lines t, t. The use of such partitions is also common in the art and forms no part of the present invention.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that we have a water-tube steam generator in which a com.- plete and rapid circulation of water is maintained naturally; the heat forcing the water'up through the series of pipes, headers and tubes. to the steam-drum,

and drawing it thence through the cooler pipes and headers back to the mud-drum located at the, coolest point; and all solids held in suspension in the water will be deposited in the mudrdlrllm or trap provided at the foot of the down-pipe C, while the clarified waterreturns back toand through the steam generating portions of the apparatus.

Having thus-described our invention what we claim asnew, is:

1. In. a steam generator, the combination; of: a waterback, a cross-header located above the water back and near the forward end: of the fire-chamber, a series of bent pipes connecting the water-back and header, an imperforate ceiling for the fire-chamber supported on theupper portions of said pipes, and, an arch sprung betweenv the cross-header and the front wall of the furnace.

2. In a steam generator, the combination of a crossheader, and a steamdrum; with a series of vertical headers interposed between and directly connected with both the cross-header and the steam-drum, and. of gradually increasing area frombottom to top; with water circulat:

ing return tubes connected with said vertical headers, and,

drum, and return tubes. extending from the vertical new ers into the combustion-chamber of the furnace, and re.- turn water connections between the dome and. the crossheader.

' 4. In a steam generator, the combination of a furnace, a

cross-header above the combustion-chamber, a steamdrum above-the cr0ss-header, vertical headers. betweenthe cross .header and steamdrum, return Water tubes leading from the vertical headers into the combustion-chamber of the furnace, battle-plates in the vertical headers between the ends of the return tubes, and return water connections between the dome and the cross-header.

5., In a steam generator, the combination of vertical headers, return water-tubes connected to said headers, and

removable baffle-plates in said headers interposed between the return end of one water-tube and the outgoing end oft-he next. tube, substantially; as. described,

6. In a steam generator, the combination of. verticah headers, return water tubes connected to said headers,

o. In a steam generator, the combination of a furnace,

and removable baffle-plates in said headers interposed between the return end of one water tube and the outgoing end of the next tube, said baffle-plates being perforated to permit free steam to escape therepast.

7. In a steam generator, the combination of a furnace, a crossheader above the combustion-chamber, a steam-drum above the cross header, vertical headers between the crossheader and stearndrum, and tubes extending from the vertical headers intothe combustion-chamber of the furnace; with a water-back, a mud-drum, return connections between the steam-drum and the mud-drum, connections between the mud-drum and water-back, and connections between the water-back and cross header.

8. In a steam generator, the combination of a furnace, a cross-header above the combustion-chamber, a steam drum above the cross-header, vertical headers between the cross-header and steam-drum and tubes leading from the vertical headers into the combustion-chamber of the fun nace; with a water-back, a mud-drum, and a return header; connections between the steam-drum and the re turn-header; connections between the return header and the mud-drumoconnections between the mud-drum and the water-back, and connections between the water-back and cross-header.

9. In a steam generator, the combination of a furnace, a water-back, headers above the fire-chamber, pipe connections between the water-back and said headers, a multiple series of water-tubes connected to said headers and extending into the combustion-chamber, a stearndrurn communicating with the upper ends of the headers, a muddrum, return pipe connections between the steam-drum and said mud-drum, and pipe connections between the drum and said water-back, substantially as described.

10. In a steam generator, the combination of a furnace, a water-back on the bridge-wall, vertical headers above the firechamber, pipe connections between the water-back and said headers and extending between the fire and combustion-charnbers, a multiple series of return water tubes connected to said headers and extending into the combustion-charnber, a steam-drum communicating with the upper ends of the headers; baiile plates in said headers, a mud drum, return pipe connections between the steam-drum and said mud-drum, and pipe connections between the drum and said water-back, substantially as described.

11. In a steam generator, the combination of a furnace, a water-back on the bridge-wall thereof, a crossheader above the fire-chamber, pipe connections between the crossheader and water-back, vertical headers mounted on the crosshcader, a steam-drum connected with said vertical headers; water-tubes connected with said vertical headers and extending into the combustion-chamber; a mud-drum, return pipes connecting the steam-drum with said muddrum, and pipes connecting said drum with said waterback, substantially as and for the purpose described.

12. In a steam generator, the combination of a furnace, a water-back on the bridge-wall thereof, a cross-header above the fire-chamber, pipe connections between the crossheader and water-back extending between the fire-chamber and combustion-chamber; vertical headers mounted on the cross-heador, a steam-drum connected with said vertical headers; water tubes connected with said vertical headers and extending into the combustiomchamber, bathe-plates in said vertical-headers; a mud-drum, pipes connecting the steam-drum with said mud-drum, and pipes connecting said drum with said water-back, substantially as and for the purpose described.

13. In a steam generator, the combination of a furnace, a water-back on the bridge-wall thereof, a cross-header, a series of pipes connecting the water-back and cross-header; a series of vertical headers mounted on and connected to said cross-header, return-tubes connected to said vertical headers and extending into the combustion-chamber; and a steam-drum connected to the upper ends of the vertical headers; with a return header, return pipes connecting said steam-drum with said return headers; a mud-drum below the return headers, a pipe connecting the return header and mud-drum; and pipes extending from the mud drum to the water-back, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

14. In a steam generator, the combination of a furnace, a water-back on the bridge-wall thereof, a cross-header, a series of pipes connecting the water-back and cross-header; a series of vertical-headers mounted on and connected to said cross-header; return tubes connected to said vertical headers and extending into the combustion-chamber; baffle-plates in said vertical headers, and a steam-drum connected to the upper ends of the vertical headers; with a return header at rear of furnace, return pipes connecting said steam-drum with said return headers, said pipes extending through the upper part of the combustion-chamber and supporting the ceiling thereof; a mud-drum below the return header, pipes connecting the return header and mud-drum; and pipes extending from the muddrum to the water-back, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

15. In a steam generator, the combination of a furnace, a water-back on the bridgewall thereof, a cross-header above the combustion-chamber, a series of pipes connect ing the water-back and cross-header, a wall supported by said pipes, vertical headers mounted on and connected to said cross-header, return tubes connected to said vertical headers and extending into the combustion-chamber; baffle-plates in said vertical headers, and a steam-drum connected to the upper ends of the vertical headers; with a return header at rear of furnace, return pipes connecting said steam-drum with said return header, said pipes extending through the upper part of the combustion-chamber and supporting the ceiling thereof; a mud-drum below the return header outside the furnace, pipes connecting the return header and mud-drum; and pipes extending from the mud-drum to the water-back, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our own, we afiix our signatures in presence .of two witnesses.

FLORANCE J. M'ANNEY. FRANK P. HAMILTON.

Witnesses DAVID BROWN, HENRY A. BECKERMAN. 

